Rest of the glossary is here:

Tools like Cellebrite are designed to either bypass, retrieve, or brute force the device credential to unlock the device and perform data extraction. They exploit the devices they target to do this. Where AFU has FFS support but no Brute Force, it can suggest they have a way to extract data without needing to brute force the device credential.

For example, the Stock OS has FFS extraction for AFU despite not having support for brute forcing the Titan M2 secure element in Pixels, this would imply a stock OS vulnerability of some kind. GrapheneOS cannot be extracted because that exploit doesn't work, and they also cannot brute force the device credential to find a way to unlock. It's the only device / OS combination that hasn't been broken into, excluding ones they haven't had time to target yet like 5th generation iPad Pros.

In cases where Brute Force is available, having a strong passphrase that cannot be bruteforced would make that impossible anyhow.

Unlocked doesn't mean much because that situation involves when you successfully brute force (not possible) or if the target gives away his PIN/password (out of scope).

It's entirely possible a powerful government can extract data from an After First Unlock state device via sending it to a lab where they can get data directly from RAM or tamper with it to get control of the device. Mobile devices don't have encrypted memory yet. Main SoC is much more resistant to tampering than a desktop CPU / motherboard but that's not saying a lot. It's not tamper resistant in the same sense as the secure element.

Available in Cellebrite Advanced Services. It's a service where you pay them to do it for you.

These tools/procedures are widely used for other reasons including at border crossings. They get training to use it. Law enforcement also often uses them illegally for unjustified search and seizure targeting those who have done nothing beyond crossing a border or journalism. The people using tools from Cellebrite or competitors are often the ones breaking the law or using them for criminal reasons. Many of the people using these tools are in fact criminals breaking the actual laws of the land.

Even if they say it's only for certain governments and law enforcement clients, it doesn't stop them getting out. There are likely militias in the world using this. If we can get documentation, someone far more powerful could get the software too.