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Nonsense. That can't happen. The lowest difficulty is easily calculateable on a normal computer. Even on a really shitty really old computer.
They mean that too much hashrate goes offline at an unfortunate time. Difficulty adjustments only happen every 2016 blocks so if you're the last surviving miner after a mass exodus early in the new difficulty period, good luck mining all remaining blocks yourself. Also, there is a limit how much difficulty can adjust in a single period iirc.
Yep, there's a given factor that the difficulty can be adjusted by per time.
The only one or one among a few, no need to be just one. :-)
Yes, it was just an extreme example to make it clear. You're right.
While this is ultimately a self regulating issue, i would be surprised if I never see an insanely long mining epoch (several months or more) in my life
Me too. It's the only thing that, if it happened, would make me say that Bitcoin was failing, not failed, since It could always recover, if more mining power was added...
Block time being so long that difficulty couldn't be adjusted down.