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Right now, China dominates refining because USA has been asleep at the wheel for 25 years at least
Over time, USA will catch up and surpass China in refining but not overnight
Yes but for the next decade at least the US military industrial combine is largely beholden to China for refined rare earths supply.
IE for the next decade USA cannot fight a war of any scale and duration without Chinas approval.
That gives China a window of opportunity to eclipse US dominance in the few remaining strategic areas it still lags behind in, like microchip production, military and monetary hegemony.
USA/the West does not enjoy a permanent God given monopoly over advanced microchip production, or military and monetary power projection dominance...just a head start and superior technical know-how and infrastructure.
In most mercantile productive economic areas China already enjoys a massive advantage,
China has a massive head start and superior technical know-how and infrastructure. Not a monopoly