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I'm not sure.
The exchanges 'getting rugged' isn't that helpful. Yes it encourages self-custody... but it does a lot of harm too.
We need time and education I think. Bitcoin however is on a bit of a "timer".... if in 10-12 years the fees are still 1 sat/vbyte (or less) I am not sure what will happen.
Bitcoin has a 'mission' of sorts to become transactional... it needs transaction fees eventually. It doesn't want to sit there and be static... it doesn't want to sit there and "do nothing" like gold in this 'captured' gray area...
It wants to be spent, and it wants to be exchanged despite its dis-inflationary nature.
The PTB (powers that be) don't want Bitcoin to serve as an alternative to fiat currencies because it would undermine the power of governments. As long as it's traded like a stock or store of value it's fine.
But used transactionally? To buy things? This is different... the PTB don't want that and frankly most people don't understand the need or "demand" to have something other than fiat to use.
What Bitcoin really is is non-state money, a kind of independent digital capital but the vast majority of people don't see it, don't understand it, think they have to buy a "whole Bitcoin" and just think of it as something too alien and too foreign maybe just a scam.
Or the vast majority of people don't have much in the way of disposable income... so they think "what's the point" "it's not going up" they don't know why they should be attracted to Bitcoin in the first place... if they have 20-50$ to spend. That doesn't buy them "a whole one" etc.
Especially in places like the United States where fiat works "just fine" and Americans have "always had Dollars"... Americans today don't know anything different.
In truth I don't think it's so much "the government" keeping people from using Bitcoin, not really. It's laziness, apathy, ignorance, and just a general lack of knowledge. Dollars are everywhere, so why use anything else?
Bitcoin is used more often in 3rd world/developing/hyper-inflating societies because the need for it is more obvious. It's the "better money" that the government can't provide.
In the United States there are just... Dollars. So why use anything else. How would anything else even be possible? I think these are the more important questions around Bitcoin than even technical ones about 'spam' or types of transactions.
If you can't "buy a whole Bitcoin" and what you can buy "isn't going to go up" that much (at least over a short time period) then why would you use Bitcoin at all? Better to buy a "cheaper coin" that's "going up" on an exchange... that you can sell for Dollars or whatever. I think that's the biggest issue with actual monetary adoption.
Ignorance, laziness, and some kind of NgU greed/unit fallacy that's what is keeping blocks mostly empty I think.
How do you address that?