US hegemony is hugely dependent upon its USD/SWIFT 'petroldollar' domination of the global monetary-trade payments system.
SWIFT is an antiquated 1960s protocol.
Chinas mBridge is now operational and digital and presenting as a serious challenge to the SWIFT hegemony.
The Saudis have signed up to mBridge and BRICS already.
If USA loses USD/SWIFT 'petrodollar hegemony the US empire is swiftly insolvent.
End of US empire in imminent.
All of Trumps actions acknowledge this.
Don't know a lot about USDT (need to learn more) but is the theory that USDT could enable cheap and fast international digital/trade payments similar to what mBridge does?
And that USDT would support the USD/UST market by holding USTs to back its value?
An L2 USD...?
These things are possible but if the USD and USTs are themselves no longer seen as sound due to US debt, then it still falls over.
From what little I have heard about USDT it sounds fairly dodgy and mostly used by crypto traders to avoid having to change back into true fiat. Not sure if its been used much for legit trade payments.
A friend who was scammed out of a considerable amount recently asked me to trace some USDT payment transactions that were part of the scammers operation and they appeared to be moved via the Tron protocol, via Binance - again I don't know a lot about USDT or Tron but it looked pretty dodgy and in this case at least was being utilised by outright scammers.
USDT would fit into the theory that as US empire declines Trump is enabling/building a shadow banking network similar what the British did as their empire declined as described in 'Spiders Web'.
Well... I personally don't have a need to use tether but I believe it has the highest trading volume in crypto. Looks like the market cap is 150b so still quite small. It's used a lot in countries where their currency is inflating rapidly.
They are also one of the biggest buyers of UST and have somewhat of a network effect as the top "stable coin".
So that the thing. No one has heard of mBridge. Maybe governments have IDK. Then it needs to be around for some time before anyone will trust it with serious capital (same as bitcoin).
I think it was Ray Dalio that liked to point out the time it takes to switch world reserve currencies. It takes decades because of old habits and network effects. Maybe the technology allows for a faster move these days but IMO it looks like USD is sticking around for while.
Trump has certainly heard of mBridge.
He threatened very early on that he would put 100% tariffs on any BRICS nations who start using any alternative to the 'wonderful' USD.
'Trump threatens 100% tariff on Brics nations if they try to replace dollar'
"We require a commitment from these countries that they will neither create a new Brics currency nor back any other currency to replace the mighty US dollar or they will face 100% tariffs and should expect to say goodbye to selling into the wonderful US economy,”
China has been developing mBridge for many years and its now operational.
They are for obvious reasons not making a lot of noise about it but its also no secret.
It is however a huge, deliberate and direct challenge to USA, USD and SWIFT hegemony.
Dalio is right of course the transition is likely to be gradual ,as it usually has been in the past, although the current situation is quite different from the transition from British to US hegemony, where the transition was fairly smooth as it was between two allies...
Hopefully this current transition which is just beginning, will not be too disruptive, but I wouldn't count on it.
yes I believe you have it right wrt tether soaking up a lot of UST demand. Tether is a beast, if you have Fountain FM app you might enjoy the recent Gold Goats 'n Guns interview with Caitlin Long, well maybe not that's pretty subjective, but in any case towards the end they discuss Tether is a business entity and its pretty interesting.
Try out the aqua wallet too, it is btc and usdt exclusively iirc.
For those who dont want to login to linkedin-
Here's what Ray says-
'It's Too Late: The Changes Are Coming
Some people believe that the tariff disruptions will settle down as more negotiations happen and greater thought is given to how to structure them to work in a sensible way. However, I am now hearing from a large and growing number of people who are having to deal with these issues that it is already too late. For example, many exporters to the United States and importers from other countries that trade with the U.S. are saying they have to greatly reduce their dealings with the United States, recognizing that whatever happens with tariffs, these problems won't go away, and that radically reduced interdependencies with the U.S. is a reality that has to be planned for. Most obviously, American producers and investors in China, Chinese producers and investors in China that deal with Americans, American producers and investors in the United States that deal with Chinese, and Chinese producers and investors in United States that deal with Americans must now go about making alternative plans, regardless of what the next round of trade negotiations are like. While this need to minimize U.S. - China interdependence and worry about conflict is now broadly recognized, this view is now becoming more commonly believed by most people in most countries who are dealing with most issues related to trade relations, capital markets relations, geopolitical relations, and military relations with the United States.
Though not yet fully realized, it is also increasingly being realized that the United States' role as the world's biggest consumer of manufactured goods and greatest producer of debt assets to finance its over-consumption is unsustainable, so assuming that one can sell and lend to the U.S. and get paid back with hard (i.e. not devalued) dollars on their U.S. debt holdings is naive thinking, so other plans have to be made.
Said more simply, enormous trade and capital imbalances are creating unsustainable conditions and major risks of being cut off, so they must come down -i.e., excessive imbalances + deglobalization = smaller trade and capital imbalances.
More broadly, what I am saying is that, based on many of my indicators, it appears that:
we are on the brink of the monetary order, the domestic political and the international world orders breaking down due to unsustainable, bad fundamentals that can be easily seen and measured,
the progression of events leading to these increasing disorders is similar to those that have progressed many times throughout history, so this one looks like a contemporary version of the old story of how monetary, domestic political and social, and international geopolitical orders change,
there is a growing risk that the United States, imposing these challenges to deal with, will increasingly be bypassed by a world of countries that will adapt to these separations from the United States and create new synapses that grow around it, and
if these circumstances are managed in the best ways, the outcomes will be much better than if they are managed in the worst ways
In my opinion, what would be best is calm, analytical, and coordinated engineering and implementation, with the imbalances and the needs for self-sufficiencies treated as shared challenges, to produce the “beautiful" deleveragings and rebalancings that need to take place. For example, as explained in my new book, How Countries Go Broke: The Big Cycle, there is a "3-Part, 3-Percent Solution" to dealing with the U.S. government debt problem that would lead to much better results than the path that we appear to be on. Unfortunately, thus far we haven’t seen the better ways and have instead seen disturbing fighting and volatility that are teaching lessons that are leading to irreversible bad consequences.
For these reasons, I fear that we are moving beyond the ideal time to be knowledgeable about and properly plan for these big changes in the world order, and believe that investors, policy makers, and other decision-makers need to stop undulating their views and positions in reaction to the day-to-day market moves and policy announcements and instead deal with these big fundamental changes in the world order calmly, intelligently, and, ideally, cooperatively.
The views expressed here are my own and not necessarily those of Bridgewater.'