In architecture and engineering, understanding the composition of construction elements is essential to ensure quality and durability in construction projects. The following image illustrates a test specimen extracted from a floor, revealing its structural and finishing layers:
- Reinforced concrete – The structural base, ensuring strength and stability, generally with a thickness between 8 cm and 15 cm.
- Subfloor – Responsible for leveling the surface and distributing loads, varying between 2 cm and 5 cm.
- Waterproofing – Essential to prevent infiltration, usually has a thin thickness, between 1 mm and 5 mm.
- AC3 mortar – Used to install ceramic coating, with a thickness between 3 mm and 1 cm.
- Ceramic flooring – Final finishing layer, with an average thickness between 6 mm and 12 mm.
Note: The thickness of each layer may vary depending on the type of project, materials chosen and technical specifications. The image is an excellent teaching tool, even if some layers are slightly thicker than in practice.