This is just a couple of generic tax incidence graphs

Tariffs introduce a spread between what the consumer pays and what the producer receives. That spread reduces the amount consumers are willing to buy and the amount producers are willing to sell. Fewer units sold means lower prices received for producers.

Small countries are more like the graph on the right. They don't consume enough for the reduced quantity to have much effect on global prices, which means most of the tariff will be paid by the consumers.

The US is more like the graph on the left. It's such a large share of global consumption that the reduction in sales significantly reduces the global price that producers can sell at.