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You certainly don't have to believe we'll ever eliminate the state to be a libertarian. You don't even have to believe it would be desirable; some people hold the "necessary evil" view after all.
Libertarianism basically just says that the same moral principles we apply to everyone else also apply to the state. If it is not morally legitimate for you to take your neighbors stuff, then it's not legitimate for some group to do so either. That doesn't mean you can't think the end result of stealing from your neighbor would be more desirable.
I think I can get on board with most of that. Would libertarians object to all forms of taxation, though? Would it matter whether the taxation is done by a democratically elected government or a dictator, or a divine right king?
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We have to make sure we're defining our terms precisely here. Libertarians oppose non-voluntary interactions, which includes pretty much all taxes.
There's no objection to opting in to a community that has fees for services that would look like taxes to any normal person, but would be considered meaningfully different to a libertarian.
Form of government is considered relevant to some (probably most) libertarians, but I don't see the relevance from a fundamental principles perspective. They're all systems where a group of people are regularly violating the rights of others.
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