I remember reading somewhere that in China, there was a system whereby a doctor was paid, but only as long as the patient was healthy. This may have been only for emperors, though.

Incentives are REALLY hard to get right.

I wonder how bad the US health care system would be, if there were a robust system of alternatives to regular care? In other words, if the American Medical Association had not been able to act the way it acts currently - basically a giant corrupt union supported by the government, that kills all potential competition?