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Those are three Great Filter possibilities, but the question remains: why are we so alone in the observable universe? I grant you that what we can observe is appallingly tiny given the unimaginable scale of the universe, so “what we can observe” may not be enough by many orders of magnitude.
I encourage you to read the entire article, it's full of great ideas explained well, including many other Great Filter possibilites. Mostly I wanted to share my personal theory of why we haven't encountered alien life by now. Like computers themselves, things don't get larger. They get smaller. And faster. And so does intelligent life.
I think that we have not observered enough in time or space to come to any conclusions about civizations making it to Type III. I also seem to think that working towards the smaller scale of things would be appropriate, but at the scale of a type III civilization, Dyson spheres and such should also be possibilities. Perhaps there are a lot of Type III civilizations hidden out there in their Dyson spheres!