China enjoys a trade surplus with almost every nation on earth. China thus enjoys huge surplus funds- in fact what to do with those funds IS a problem- they don't want to put more into US Treasuries. They are investing hugely in infrastructure - globally- belt and road- Chinese controlled trade route from Europe to China. Real estate in China has had some excesses but who had been hit with the bulk of the costs? Greedy naive western bankers- https://fortune.com/2024/02/08/evergrande-liquidation-99-percent-haircut-hedge-funds/ Never have free markets alone achieved lasting wealth- there has always been a substantial factor of good governance and strategy aligned with business interests and the military to achieve resource hegemony and trade dominance. Today China already enjoys trade dominance globally- few if any nations can afford not to trade with China or lose out substantially.