Tom's right on this. There were protests against "judicial reform", which was declawing the Supreme Court. This has since been nullified - in January, by the courts, but it was part of a wide resistance against the government. After this court decision, if there were no fight, the government would be done, so prolonging the fighting is one of the things that keep it in power. The protests build on this discontent, but also on the fact that there are still some hostages alive, while the Israeli government killed the majority of them in air strikes (and keeps pretending it wasn't them), and refuses to make a deal. (The condition for their return has always been: stop the genocide, withdraw finally; the IR government insists on only a temporary ceasefire, to go back and continue after it got the hostages back, which of course provides 0 incentive to return them.) The opposition to the government just proposed executing prisoners to speed up the return of hostages. Literally.