The anti-federalists were opposed to the Constitution not because they disapproved of its weak federal government and demanded something stronger, something more like what we have today, but because they disapproved of a federal government at all. In other words, the vision Dalio now derides and implies is the precursor to civil war was, in fact, the most radically centralized of the forms of government considered by the Founders.
I think he made a typo and meant decentralized in the last sentence of the quoted paragraph. Having no federal government and more state rights would not lead to more centralization.