It is pretty old paper though. I've also found dupes here, and I am sorry. But then I realized it needs to be brought up again. The authors made a conclusion with regard to 2017 fee spikes, but now, if we extrapolate, we could have twice as much higher fees as we have, without Lightning. 

notgeld

I am so glad they wrote a 18 page PDF.  Now finally the public can learn about the Lightning Network because the world doesn't know how to do their on research.
