Structure and operation principle of the NFPCM. a, Illustrations of the set and reset operations of a conventional mushroom-type GST-based PCM with a highly confined BEC to reduce the reset current. b, Illustrations of the forming process, along with the set and reset operations of the NFPCM. c, TEM HAADF image of the NFPCM in the set state, showing the Te-injected filament with an approximately 5.5 nm diameter is formed through the a-Si layer. d, A high-resolution TEM image of the SiTex filament (blue dotted line), and electron diffraction patterns of the filament (yellow box) and the non-filamentary a-Si layer (red box) from FFT analysis.

Credit: Nature (2024). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07230-5