Interesting that this IMF handbook warns against retail CBDCs as they may cause bank runs and reduce dollarization. I guess since the IMF is controlled by the U.S., that's an unwelcome possibility. At the same time, the director is giving speeches supporting CBDCs. The distinction seems to be promoting wholesale usage and discouraging retail. Still, it's a bit of a schizophrenic response. It seems like the IMF is worried that the west, and particularly the U.S. may lose that neocolonial gravy train.