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Address types and encoding are different things. First you create data to encode, then you encode it.
P2PKH (1...) and P2SH (3...) are different address types, but both use Base58Check encoding. For SegWit v0 (bc1q...) addresses bech32 encoding is used, but P2WPKH and P2WSH uses different hashing algos before doing bech32 encoding (SHA256+RIPEMD160 vs just SHA256, that's why different length of addresses). For SegWit v1 (bc1p...) currently only address type is P2TR and there just Schnorr (not ECDSA) pubkey is encoded using bech32m.
Using Schnorr signatures and not hashing pubkey is what allows to do these various Taproot tricks like having complicated smart contracts that look on a blockchain just like plain single pubkey.
The pubkeys don’t change between ECDSA or Schnorr, they are just curve points on secp256k1 in either case. Just the signature is different, and the respective output type requires one or the other in the witness stack for spending.
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Yes, you are correct here.
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The question is whether or not the requirements for an attack change/simplify if you only know the bc1 address.
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Clearly I’m going to have to dig into taproot more :) thanks for the extra info.
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