Feel the need to correct a couple of these, I don't know if you intended your parentheses to be definitions but since they might be:

"Blockchain" isn't a timestamp server, it's a list of time-ordered database entries (eg. transactions) that can be made and agreed upon without relying on a central bookkeeper (eg. a bank).

And "mining" is exactly this: Guessing numbers. CPUs aren't well suited really, since they're made for general calculations, and that's why specialized number-guessers (ASICs) predominate the mining game.