Great article! I connected the concepts with links to wikipedia (Wikipedia is actually a decent source for economics, math, physics and similar...):

• Value is subjective - why someone can earn huge money and others don’t
• Opportunity cost - teaches you to say no
• Comparative advantage - why absolutely everyone in the world can be useful
• How money works and what it's for - why we need Bitcoin
• Transaction costs - why the world sometimes seems not to work according to economic laws, when in reality it does
• Sunk costs - what you can ignore when making decisions
• Pareto optimum vs Nash equilibrium and the impact of repeated play - useful for negotiation and for estimating the evolution of social situations
• Schelling point (Focal point) - how to reach an agreement without communication
• Time preferences
• Economies of scale
• Price discrimination is good
• Peltzman effect - why protective regulation also harms
• Firms want to be regulated
• Cantillon effect
• Gresham's Law
• Law of diminishing marginal utility
• Relationships between different variables - supply & demand
• Hotelling's lemma - why, for example, in small towns you often have different retail stores right next to each other
• Distinguishing between variable and fixed costs

The one that doesn't have english source

• Barton's lemma - why some things don't make sense

And from my classes of economics (long time ago; back when byte had 3 bits, 4 at most...) I also remember:

• Price's law shows how small number of people produce majority of things (when things are countable starting at 0)
• Complementary and Substitute