a company or a state could obtain a large amount of the hashrate thanks to an abundant and cheap energy
And then do what?
Censoring transaction, or even mine from the previous block and take advantage of the double spending
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Mining a block that conflicts with an existing block but then becomes part of the chain with the "greatest work" is called a blockchain reorg. It is not a frequent occurrence, but bitcoin's design can handle that. And that attacker can only double spend their own transactions.
Censoring some (or all) transactions is definitely something a miner with 301 EH/s (of the total 601 EH/s .... which is the existing network's 300 EH/s plus the attacker's 301 EH/s) is certainly capable of doing. It's the finding and operating the 301 EH/s hashrate that I doubt even the most motivated nation state would be able (nonetheless willing) to pull off.
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