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Historically, record-high household exposure suggests that the marginal buyer has already entered the market. But what happens when everyone is all-in? There are a few possible scenarios:

  • An increase in leverage to chase further gains, which drives extreme volatility.
  • Any further gains are essentially a reflection of newly created money rather than productivity.
  • Smart money begins to exit, searching for a better store of value.

While we’ve seen similar setups in 2000 and 2007, 2026 may offer a different outcome. A CAPE ratio hitting 45 is a clear admission that price has detached from earnings, but it also indicates that people are searching for a better store of value than the dollar.