Mental health consequences of dietary restriction: increased depressive symptoms in biological men and populations with elevated BMI
Abstract
Introduction The literature primarily examines the mental health effects of dietary patterns, with ‘healthy’ diets linked to fewer depressive symptoms, although no standardised definition of a ‘healthy’ diet exists. Many individuals adopt restrictive diets such as caloric or nutrient restriction or medically prescribed patterns (eg, diabetic diets) to improve health, yet their impact on depressive symptoms remains understudied. This study aims to evaluate the association between restrictive dietary patterns and depressive symptoms stratified by sex and body mass index (BMI).Methods A cross-sectional study was performed using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2018. Adults who completed dietary assessments and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depressive symptom severity were included. Statistical analyses were performed using R. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine associations, and interaction effects were explored by including BMI or sex, with subgroup analysis performed when appropriate.Results The study included 28 525 adults, of whom 7.79% reported depressive symptoms. Compared with individuals not following a specific diet, those adhering to calorie-restrictive diets had a 0.29 point increase in PHQ-9 scores (95% CI 0.06 to 0.52). Among overweight individuals, calorie-restricted diets were associated with a 0.46 point increase (95% CI 0.02 to 0.89) and nutrient-restricted diet was associated with a 0.61 point increase (95% CI 0.13 to 1.10) in PHQ-9 scores. Men who followed any diet showed higher somatic symptom scores than those not on a diet. Additionally, men on a nutrient-restrictive diet had a 0.40 point increase in cognitive-affective symptom scores (95% CI 0.10 to 0.70) compared with women not following a diet.Conclusions There are potential implications of widely followed diets on depressive symptoms, and a need for tailored dietary recommendations based on BMI and sex.
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21 sats \ 0 replies \ @Signal312 10 Jun
Check out the book Change Your Diet, Change Your Mind by Dr Georgia Ede (https://www.amazon.com/dp/1399709127).
It's an outstanding book on how a low-carb, keto, or carnivore diet can heal (yes, actually HEAL) severe mental illness, including depression.
Here's a segment from the introduction. Also if you want some more quick info on the book, check out some of her interviews online.
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0 sats \ 0 replies \ @021f3af1a6 10 Jun
Trying to ‘restrict’ your way to health sounds like trying to hodl yourself out of poverty — some balance and strategy are needed. Just like with stacking, consistency beats extremes.
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0 sats \ 4 replies \ @realBitcoinDog 10 Jun
So is it recommended or not to go carnivore or to do fasting?
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10 sats \ 3 replies \ @0xbitcoiner OP 10 Jun
I'm not really the right one to answer that. But my general take is a varied diet is probably your best bet. Just keep in mind that everyone's unique, so what clicks for some might not for others.
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35 sats \ 1 reply \ @Undisciplined 10 Jun
A cross-sectional design is totally inappropriate for this type of question. The results are almost certainly driven by selection bias: i.e. depressed people behave differently.
Without seeing changes from before and after the dietary change, you basically can’t learn anything.
TLDR; nutrition research is almost always done poorly.
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0 sats \ 0 replies \ @realBitcoinDog 10 Jun
Sad
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0 sats \ 0 replies \ @realBitcoinDog 10 Jun
💯
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