CISA: Full-Aggregation & Interactivity issues
Reminder
In the previous post, we explained:
- Half-Agg → Non-interactive
- Full-Agg → Interactive
🔍 What does "interactivity" mean?
Let’s break it down 👇
Creating an aggregate signature requires communication between participants
Let’s illustrate this with Alice and Bob

To create
Sigₐgg
, Alice and Bob must exchange cryptographic commitments.After sharing commitments, each signer creates a partial signature
Partial signatures are then combined to produce the final aggregate signature
Sigₐgg = (∑Rᵢ, ∑sᵢ)
❌ This is the flaw with Full-Agg
⚠️ For protocols like CoinJoin or PayJoin,
Full-Agg introduces complexity:
✅ But Full-Agg works great
when one user controls all inputs
(Source: HRF CISA Research Paper)
🧬 The hybrid approach
Combine Full-Agg and Half-Agg
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